How to Reduce Your Avoidance Behaviors

How to Reduce Your Avoidance Behaviors Panic Disorder Coping Print How to Reduce Your Panic-Related Avoidance Behaviors Avoidance Only Increases Anxiety By Katharina Star, PhD facebook linkedin Katharina Star, PhD, is an expert on anxiety and panic disorder. Dr. Star is a professional counselor, and she is trained in creative art therapies and mindfulness. Learn about our editorial policy Katharina Star, PhD Updated on June 25, 2019 undefined / Getty Images More in Panic Disorder Coping Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Related Conditions Avoidance behaviors are any actions a person takes to escape from difficult thoughts and feelings. These behaviors can occur in many different ways and may include actions that a person does or does not do. People with panic disorder often take on avoidance behaviors to sidestep fearful thoughts, feelings of dread, and overall anxiety-related symptoms. As a person dealing with panic and anxiety, you may already be familiar with acting out of avoidance. These behaviors can have a negative impact on many aspects of your life, including your career, relationships, and personal interests or hobbies. You may find yourself avoiding job opportunities, social events, and even friendships in an attempt to keep your anxiety at bay. Effects of Avoidance Behaviors Aside from restricting your life, avoidance behaviors often have the opposite effect than what is desired. While in the short run you may experience a temporary sense of relief, in the long run, avoidance actually leads to increased anxiety. When avoiding places, people, and events, the panic sufferer is really trying to get away from her feelings of anxiety. However, every time she escapes these anxiety-inducing thoughts and feelings, she is actually reinforcing them. She is sending the message to herself that the world is a dangerous place. In the end, she may become increasingly afraid of more and more stimuli, allowing for the ?cycle of anxiety to intensify. Why Avoidance Coping Creates Additional Stress People who live with avoidance are often depriving themselves of many experiences, adventures, and connections. Panic-related avoidance behaviors may be preventing you from living your life to the fullest. Read ahead for some tips on how to reduce your anxiety-related avoidance behaviors. Recognize When It’s Happening In order to change any maladaptive behavior, you must first start becoming aware of when it’s occurring. At the end of each day, stop and reflect on how you engaged in avoidance behaviors throughout your day. Write down any that stand out. You may have noticed how you did this in small ways. For example, perhaps you stayed away from a co-worker because you felt anxious about talking with him. Once you start to consistently track your actions, you may be surprised to find out that you are participating in more avoidance behaviors than you previously thought.   You may also notice big ways in which you engaged in avoidance, such as taking a different route to work to avoid highway driving because it makes you feel anxious. Only by making an effort to notice these actions will you be ready to change them. Finding Trust and Support The key to overcoming avoidance behaviors is to continue to slowly face what you are avoiding until it no longer has such a grip on you. Of course, doing so is far  easier said than done. That is why it is recommended that you don’t face previously avoided situations alone, but rather engage in them with a trusted friend or family member by your side. Let your friend know that the situation you are stepping into is usually a source of anxiety. Have a backup plan ready should things go sideways. For example, is attending a large social event that you would normally avoid, talk beforehand about what you’ll need if you feel uncomfortable. Prepare your loved one to give you space if you should want a few minutes alone to manage your anxiety. Perhaps you will forewarn her that you will need to leave if symptoms become unmanageable. Regardless of your plan, make sure your loved one is aware of it so that she will know what to expect should your anxiety arise. Explaining Your Panic Disorder to Friends and Family It is important to note that you never should rely on one person to buffer your feelings of anxiety at all times. By doing so, you may accidentally create a shift in avoidance where you become overly dependent on this person. Eventually, you will want to step into the previously avoidances alone. Your loved one may still be supporting you from a distance, but it is only when you move forward alone that you can truly overcome your avoidance behaviors. Develop Ways to Cope With Your Anxiety Your avoidance behaviors revolve around not wanting to experience anxiety or other symptoms of panic disorder. The most effective way to get past this fear is to learn techniques that will help you control your symptoms. Coping skills can help you keep your anxiety in check and may even assist in managing your panic attacks. Such skills can be learned through the help of a therapist or on your own by using self-help books. Some common strategies to aid in coping with anxiety include: Deep breathing exercisesProgressive muscle relaxationAnxiety trackingCognitive restructuring Professional Help Is Available Not every panic disorder sufferer will experience avoidance behaviors, however, many will find that these issues put excessive restrictions on their lives. If you are finding that your avoidance behaviors are unmanageable and out-of-control, it may be time to seek professional help. Getting professional help with your symptoms is by no means a failure on your part. In fact, many people with panic disorder have found that they recover quicker through treatment.

Washington and Dubois - 662 Words

| 1.4.5 Practice: Washington and DuBois | Practice Assignment | | | | | U.S. History Sem 2 (S3346986) | Garibalde Nunez | | | Points possible: 30 | Date: ______4/22/16______ | | Your Assignment 1. Charts like this one are a great way to compare and contrast. Use this chart to list the strategies of Booker T. Washington (that he did not share with Du Bois) on one side, the strategies of W. E. B. Du Bois (that he did not share with Washington) on the other, and the strategies they had in common in the middle. You may have to infer what they had in common. Booker T. Washingtons Strategies | Shared Strategies | W. E. B. Du Boiss Strategies | * He wanted blacks to be educated so they can take control of their†¦show more content†¦Finish with your conclusion. In the late 19th and 20th century, African Americans were going through hardships. At this period of time, they wanted improvement and wanted to be treated equality but no one had the political background to fight with the Whites. However, two great leaders named Booker Washington and W.E.B Du Bois took the stance and fought for improvement. But, even though they had the goals, they had different strategies for the community. To begin with, despite their different strategies their goals led to the improvement for African Americans. Both Booker and W.E.B wanted a better life for African Americans. Also, both fought with the strategy of using evidence to prove that blacks need improvement. Their main focus was on the economic and industrial crisis. Overall, both of their goals aimed to better the black community. Furthermore, Booker T. Washington did not share strategies with Du Bois on one side, and the strategies of W. E. B. Du Bois did not share with Washington. Booker mostly foc used on education and wanted African Americans to fight for what they’re worth, to work hard and become someone important in the community. On the other hand, Washington fought for equality. He wanted the White Americans to respect the blacks. His point view was that the community should be led by the most talented. Basically, he wanted blacks andShow MoreRelatedWashington, Dubois, And Douglas1513 Words   |  7 PagesIsaias Salgado Mr. Siso February 11, 2016 Paragraph: Washington, DuBois, and Douglas What was Washington urging African Americans to do? What was he urging white Americans to do? Washington s plea for people to cast down buckets where you are How does this relate to his view of his new era? Booker T Washington was a social activist who advocated for increased rights of African Americans in the South. In Booker T Washington s speech he was urging African Americans to have patience with WhiteRead MoreDuBois and Washington on Education Essays1113 Words   |  5 PagesDuBois and Washington on Education Over 100 years ago W.E.B DuBois and Booker T. Washington began a debate over strategies for black social and economic progress, which is still prevalent today. Booker T. Washington believed that the role of education for African Americans should be an industrial one, where as W.E.B DuBois wanted African Americans to become engaged in a Liberal Arts education. WashingtonsRead MoreBooker T. Washington And. B. Dubois1050 Words   |  5 PagesBooker T. Washington and W.E.B DuBois During the late 19th and 20th century, Booker T. Washington and W.E.B DuBois were two of the greatest leaders of the black community. They both paved the way for the modern Civil Rights movement in America. However, the two accomplished scholars had differences when it came down to the methods for black social and economic progress. Believe it or not, those differences made the way for the greatest impact in the world that we live in today. â€Å" I have learnedRead MoreB. Dubois And Booker T. Washington795 Words   |  4 Pagesor leaving the violence untouched? W.E.B. DuBois and Booker T. Washington were two African-American rights activists during the late 1800s and early 1900s. W.E.B. DuBois and Booker T. Washington had the same idea for the end result of equality for colored people. However, they had very different approaches to reach their desired results. Booker T. Washington believed it was the right idea to approach his issues in a passive manner. However, W.E.B. DuBois believes that a more aggressive plan is necessaryRead MoreCompare And Contrast Dubois And Washington Speech756 Words   |  4 PagesDuBois and Washington Speech Two amazing African-American leaders that succeed in raising the awareness of the idea of racism that happened during the late 19th century, were; Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Dubois who both delivered a powerful speech; â€Å"Atlanta Exposition Speech† that was delivered on 1895 and â€Å"The Souls of Black Folk† that was delivered on September 1903. Both speeches have deeply affected people. Throughout their speeches, they heavily addressed race relations and social contractRead More Dubois v. Washington Debates Essay1872 Words   |  8 PagesDubois v. Washington Debates The Afro-American Almanac located on Professor Tygiel’s â€Å"Sites of Interest to History Majors† have a copy of Booker T. Washington’s famous â€Å"Atlanta Compromise† speech that he delivered in 1895. Neither before, nor since, has one speech had such a profound effect upon the career of a politician and the people that he sought to represent. Indeed, Washington’s primacy was assured when he in dramatic fashion promised (eye witness accounts have him thrusting hisRead MoreB. Dubois And Booker T. Washington Essay2331 Words   |  10 PagesW.E.B. DuBois and Booker T. Washington The end of the Civil War was followed almost immediately by a new wave that would see the African Americans face great suffering and discrimination. As newly freed slaves, African Americans were presented with a dilemma to either curve a new niche in a society that once viewed and treated them as mere properties than humans. It was during these difficult times that two key figures in the African American History rose as paramount leaders of two sharply contrastingRead MoreGreatness-Booker T. Washington and W.E.B Dubois2413 Words   |  10 Pagesâ€Å"Great people often receive violent opposition from violent minds† Albert Einstein This quote typifies the conditions in which both Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Dubois were challenged with. Not only were they two exemplary examples of African American greatness, but they proved themselves to be two of the greatest leaders of the early twentieth century regardless of race. However, as Aristotle once said â€Å"people fear what they don’t understand, and hate what they can’t conquer† thus steps wereRead MoreBooker T Washington Vs Dubois Essay702 Words   |  3 PagesThe Differences and Similarities Between Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois Two men with the same goals but different views on how they should be achieved is exactly how Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois’ controversy should be described as. Their debate revolved around the idea of abolishing slavery as well as paving the way for the modernized Civil Rights Act in America to take place. Washington and DuBois were born in the same time period with the same intentions, yet had different methodsRead MoreJean Booker T. Washington. B. Dubois1358 Words   |  6 PagesMay 2015 W.E.B DuBois One of the late 19th century and early 20th century’s most prominent black empowerment leaders was W.E.B DuBois. In research it is clear that DuBois was not subtle to one job or career choice. As a civil rights activist, educator, sociologist, historian, writer, editor, scholar, and poet, DuBois contributed to changing American society today. DuBois is mostly remember for his work with the NAACP and his notorious feud with civil rights activist Booker T. Washington. Having a strong

Key Competencies and Porters Five Forces Model - 799 Words

LLAGAS, Ariedna ABAYON, Abegail DELOS SANTOS, Christian Mikaella MONSALE, Ma. Beatrice SOLARTE, Rollie TRIÑANES, Angelique Vinn Rose LLAGAS, Ariedna ABAYON, Abegail DELOS SANTOS, Christian Mikaella MONSALE, Ma. Beatrice SOLARTE, Rollie TRIÑANES, Angelique Vinn Rose 2016 Key Competencies and Porter’s Five Forces Model BSBA HRDM 4-1 ENMA 4113 Group 1 2016 Key Competencies and Porter’s Five Forces Model BSBA HRDM 4-1 ENMA 4113 Group 1 I. KEY COMPETENCIES COMMUNICATION * It is a pivotal role to the development of the entrepreneurial society. * Entrepreneur must have the skills in communication to compete with other entrepreneur like getting more investors. Methods of Communication 1†¦show more content†¦Video conferencing requires the use of special video equipment, so you may need to check with your technology department to determine if it is something your company is capable of doing. LEADERSHIP * It is the primary force behind a successful change. Entrepreneurial leadership – a leadership that is based on the attitude that the leader is self-employed. Leaders of this type: * Takes initiative * Demonstrate * Take risk * Take responsibility EXPERIENCE * As an entrepreneur, you must employ all present and previous experience you have into the business you are building. II. PORTER’S FIVE FORCES MODEL 1 Barriers to entry in the Business * Power is also affected by the ability of people to enter your market. If it costs little in time or money to enter your market and compete effectively, if there are few economies of scale in place, or if you have little protection for your key technologies, then new competitors can quickly enter your market and weaken your position. If you have strong and durable barriers to entry, then you can preserve a favorable position and take fair advantage of it. 2 Threat from substitute products * This is affected by the ability of your customers to find a different way of doing what you do – for example, if you supply a unique software product that automates an important process, people may substitute by doing the process manually or byShow MoreRelatedEssay on Competing on Resources: Strategy in the 1990s.991 Words   |  4 Pagesto develop a business model framework that helps describe how a company’s resources drive its performance in a dynamic competitive environment. This approach integrates the internal analysis of the company (i.e. core competencies) with the external analysis of the industry and the competitive environment (i.e. Porter’s Five Force Model). The article argues that both analyses are required to accurately assess a company’s competitive position. While Porter’s Five Forces Model helped strategic managersRead MoreHow The Porter s Five Forces And The Segmentation, Targeting And Posi tioning1538 Words   |  7 Pagesanalysis will describe how the Porter’s Five Forces and the Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning (STP) models can be applied to fashion marketing, using Primark Stores as an example. Headquartered in Dublin, Ireland, clothing retailer Primark Stores Ltd manufactures fashionable clothing items and apparels across the clothing spectrum, including men and women’ wear, kids’ wear, lingerie as well as accessories and cosmetics (Hawkes, 2013). Application of the STP model will help leading fashion brandRead MoreThe Marketing Strategy Of Kevin Plank Essay1210 Words   |  5 Pagesinnovation are important to maintain an acceptable competitive level with its most prominent rivals and competitors Nike and Addidas. For this reason, Under Armour requires a strategic group model of accomplishment in resemblance to the other leading competitors in the same industry. Key Issues and Assumptions The key to our analysis is essentially focused on Under Armour business strategy as a proficient competitor. As such, we characterize business’s strategy as an action plan for outplaying its existingRead MoreEssay on Southwest Airline Company Overview1413 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferentiation?) Who are the key stakeholders? These questions are indicative – you don’t need to answer every part in detail or to create sub-headings; just provide a short succinct summary; that is the challenge! Draw your information directly from the case PART ONE – EXTERNAL ANALYSIS (600 WORDS) OVERVIEW Briefly state the purpose of the analysis. MACRO – ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS Refer to your PESTEL model (appendix?) Discuss the main pointsRead MoreHow Can A Company Measure Its Competitive Advantage?1561 Words   |  7 Pagescompanies that compete in the same industry and core business, such as Sony, Samsung, and Philips in the audiovisual industry, or Nike, adidas, and Puma in the clothing manufacturing industry, should understand the nature of the market and analyze the key factors that differentiate each one from the others. a company gain a competitive advantage in the market if: †¢ A company competes through cost the product offered to the customers should be identical to the competitors at a lower price. †¢ A companyRead MoreHow Can A Company Measure Its Competitive Advantage?1561 Words   |  7 Pagescompanies that compete in the same industry and core business, such as Sony, Samsung, and Philips in the audiovisual industry, or Nike, adidas, and Puma in the clothing manufacturing industry, should understand the nature of the market and analyze the key factors that differentiate each one from the others. A company gains a competitive advantage in the market if: †¢ A company competes through cost the product offered to the customers should be identical to the competitors at a lower price. †¢ A companyRead MoreCompetitive Advantage And Competitive Advantages1627 Words   |  7 Pagesconsolidate the company’s position, innovation becomes crucial. Companies should be in a position to embrace the changes in order to be abreast of the competition and hold its position (Daniela, P ,2014). Apart from innovation, the internal and the external forces along with the knowledge management form the vital factors. For an organization to gain the competitive advantage and sustain it, it has to innovate and globalize the vital factors mentioned. Theories: Let us discuss these factors with theories Read MoreManagement Information Systems1162 Words   |  5 Pagesdoes Porter’s competitive forces model help companies develop competitive strategies using information system? †¢ Define Porter’s competitive forces model and explain how it works. †¢ List and describe four competitive strategies enabled by information system that firms can pursue. †¢ Describe how information system can support each of these competitive strategies and give examples. †¢ Explain why aligning IT with business objectives is essential for strategic use of systems 1. This model providesRead MoreUse Of Industry Structure Analysis And The Resource Based View2699 Words   |  11 PagesResource Based View of the Firm in analysing firm strategy. This essay will set out to compare and contrast two strategic analytical models: Industry Structure Analysis (ISA) and the Resource Based View (RBV). Firstly, it is imperative to define the key terms in the essay title. The term â€Å"compare and contrast† indicates a necessity to both draw out and emphasise the key similarities and differences between the ISA and RBV. At the same time, the term â€Å"firm strategy†, as defined by Chandler (1962), refersRead MoreRothaermel Exercise 1 Essay examples1712 Words   |  7 Pagesfirm’s business model, which details the firm’s competitive tactics and initiatives† (Rothaermel, p. 11). Basically, a strategy will explain how a firm will make money but the difference between a strategy and the business model is the business model explains how the firm intends to make the money AND puts it into action; the strategy just gives the theory. Business models put strategy into action. A strategy focuses on the comp any in relation to its competition and the business model focuses on the

The Meaning of a Quote Free Essays

â€Å"When one door of happiness closes, another opens; but often we look so long at the closed door that we do not see the one that has been opened for us. † Helen Keller Body: As we have known, most people are too attached to the past, to what they are familiar with. Therefore, they will miss opportunities that stand right in front of them. We will write a custom essay sample on The Meaning of a Quote or any similar topic only for you Order Now Doors may close, but there are always other unlimited numbers of doors – new opportunities to get new happiness. Alexander Graham Bell also used to say that: â€Å"When one door closes another door opens, but we so often look so long and so regretfully upon the closed door that we do not see the ones which open for us†. The world is full of opportunities if we could only see them. Furthermore, not every plan works out. Successful people today must get the cheese in the past. There are losses and failures, problems in relationships, loss of money or job, and sometimes unpleasant things happen that we can not always have control over them. However, we can exercise control over our attention and attitude of these happenings. When one of these things happens, and we focus our attention on the loss – the closed door, we see only a closed door with the resultant frustration and unhappiness, but if we could only move our sight and attention away from the closed door, we might be surprised to discover a row of openning new doors. To sum up, I just want to say: Do not try to look at your back, look at the things stand in front of you and shoot your bolt to strike while the iron is hot. That is the necessary thing you must do after the failure. How to cite The Meaning of a Quote, Essay examples

Sex, Lies and Conversation Why is it so Hard for Men and Women to Talk to Each Other Essay Example

Sex, Lies and Conversation: Why is it so Hard for Men and Women to Talk to Each Other Paper From the beginning of history of humankind gender differences have been one of the most fascinating topics for the philosophers, and scientists. Tons of books were written on this topic, and thousands of movies were filmed, but still, the secret of the relationship between men and women hasnt been revealed. The only thing that all of those books, articles, and movies achieved, is that nowadays people are certain that men and women are totally different. Some science fiction writers even made an assumption than males and females are different species, which need each other in order to reproduce.It’s a obvious that language is one of the main means of communication humans use. Some researchers presume that it is language that creates most of misunderstandings between females and males. The reason is that men and women express their thoughts differently, using different verbal and non-verbal means.Lets review the most uncomplicated example, a situation described in Samuel Shems b ook We Have to Talk: Healing Dialogues Between Men and Women. He writes about the workshop organized for couples to improve their communicational skills with the opposite gender. When the organizers of the workshop asked the group to break into the same-gender groups, people looked relieved. When, afterwards, they were given the task, groups of woman and groups of man behaved themselves differently: men shook hands, sat down, and began to write their individual answers, while woman started to talk noisily in small groups, laughing, and waving hands (1999, p.14).;Analyzing this observation we can conclude that women are more into group decisions, while men prefer the individual ones. Moreover, woman express more emotion while trying to solve a problem, they have lots of associations connected with it, which they tend to express immediately. Consequently, it is no wonder that the communication between the representatives of two genders is so complicated sometimes. The strategies of co mmunication men and women use are different, so that it is not easy for them to understand each other.Nevertheless, an objection appears concerning the statement that man tend to talk less than women do. Deborah Tannen illustrated it in her article Sex, Lies and Conversation; Why Is It So Hard for Men and Women to Talk to Each Other? She described the situation which happened in one of her workgroups. The group of woman invited men to join them, and, throughout the evening, one man was particularly talkative, and his wife sit silently beside him. When in the end of the evening the author concluded that women frequently complain that their husbands dont talk to them, this man agrees to her, and said that his wife was the a chatterbox in their family. The author concluded that: although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage. (1990).Its true that many women feel their husbands talk too little to them. The situation when a husband comes back home from work, and has nothing to say to his wife, is frequent in American families. The researchers have different opinions about the origins of this fact, but it is most likely that men just dont have common topics with their wives. They know what topics they should cover when they communicate with their colleagues, regardless of their gender, also they have lots of thing to talk about with their friends, but men often just dont understand what they should discuss with their women.Deborah Tannen proposes a very convincing explanation for this fact. She says that:For males, conversation is the way you negotiate your status in the group and keep people from pushing you around; you use talk to preserve your independence. Females, on the other hand, use conversation to negotiate closeness and intimacy; talk is the essence of intimacy, so being best friends means sitting and talking. For boys, activities, doing things togethe r, are central. Just sitting and talking is not an essential part of friendship. Theyre friends with the boys they do things withIt is also that for men communication means exhibiting information, which is the mean of maintaining social status. On the contrary, women see communication as transferring emotions and attitudes (2001, p.55-57). Thus men and women often just dont understand what their partner wants from them.The social status of women is usually different from that of men, thus they earn it be the means different from that men use. It is not obligatory for woman to convey information when she talks to somebody. She is more into transferring her feelings, emotions, and attitudes. In the same time, women who purport on the social status same to that males have, she has to change her communicational style.Despite of the gender and sexual revolution that have taken place in our society during the past century, men still take most of the highest positions worldwide. Thus the r equirements a human being has to fulfill for to get the high status are also set by males. As we have already noted, for men conveying information is the mean of maintaining social status. Thus, a woman who claims to have a high social status also has to learn to talk like men do. The observations indicate that lots of women are able of taking possession of this skill, in the same time being able to communicate in the feminine style. Unfortunately, little man care enough for to try to learn to talk like women do, as it is disrespected among males.J.B. Priestly, the English writer, has an opinion somehow different from that discussed above. He states that:[Women] remain more personal in their interests and less concerned with abstractions than men on the same level of intelligence and culture†¦. It is the habit of men to be overconfident in their impartiality, to believe that they are god-like intellects, detached from desires and hopes and fears and disturbing memories, general izing and delivering judgment in a serene mid-air (1926).Thus women mostly prefer to talk about the mundane things, like cooking, gardening, or clothes, while men usually cover topics like freedom, governing or philosophy. Women rarely convince their surroundings that their opinion is the only true. It is also that women can communicate freely if their views on many things differ.For man the situation is different. Males mostly talk with those, who agree with them in the majority of points. If the situation is different, they either try to persuade their opponent, or just stop communicating with him or her. For men conversation is often a form of a contest, while women perceive as one of the means of establishing and maintaining a relationship.This difference in perceiving communication is the reason for most of the misunderstandings men and women have. Those misunderstandings can ruin a marriage, or friendship. They also can create severe troubles during the working process. Solvin g them is a vital task for maintaining peace and understanding in ones life.Considering all the facts and theories listed, it is no wonder that men and women often have troubles talking. The reason for that is that they pursue different goals during this process, and their strategies are also different. Nevertheless, there are happy couples, both family and professional ones, who develop their own strategies of conveying their thoughts, ideas and emotions to each other. Likewise there are men and women who have close friends among the representatives of the opposite sex. Thus we can conclude that successful communication between man and woman is actually possible, and that we just have to spend a little time and effort for designing the one that will suit our specific case, as there are no decisions that suit all in this sphere.

French Verbs - To Take - Amener - Prendre

French Verbs - To Take - Amener - Prendre Confusing French Verbs The English verb to take has several French equivalents, so take a few minutes to learn the difference. Prendre Prendre  is the general, all-purpose French equivalent of to take. It is used to talk about taking something from a place or from someone, taking transportation, taking something to eat, taking a size, etc. Jai pris son livre sur la table.   I took his book from the table. Prends la main de David.   Take Davids hand. Nous allons prendre le train.          Were going to take the train. Je prends un sandwich, sil vous plaà ®t.   Ill take a sandwich, please. Il prend une taille 14 en chemise.   He takes a size 14 shirt. Prenez votre temps.   Take your time. Amener Amener  means to take someone or something  with you.* Jai amenà © mon frà ¨re la fà ªte.   I took my brother to the party Amenons le chien la plage.   Lets take the dog to the beach. Il na pas amenà © la voiture.   He didnt take the car. *Note:  Amener  is part of another set of confusing pairs:  Amener, emmener, apporter, emporter. Other equivalents of to take: Accepter  To take in the sense of  to tolerate  or  to acceptIl nacceptera pas un refus.  He wont take no for an answer.Enlever -  To take something  off,  out,  awaJai enlevà © mon chapeau.  I took my hat off.Qui va enlever les chaises?  Who will take the chairs away? Passer un examen   To take a test Il a passà © trois examens hier.   He took three tests yesterday. Note that  passer  is a  false cognate  here. To pass a test   Rà ©ussir un exame Tirer  (familiar)   To take in the sense of  to steal Quelquun ma tirà © mon portefeuille  !   Someone took my wallet!

Suleiman the Magnificent, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire

Suleiman the Magnificent, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire Suleiman the Magnificent (November 6, 1494–September 6, 1566) became the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire  in 1520, heralding the Golden Age of the Empires long history before his death. Perhaps best known for his overhaul of the Ottoman government during his reign, Suleiman was known by many names, including The LawGiver. His rich character and even richer contribution to the region and the Empire helped make it a source of great wealth in prosperity for years to come, ultimately leading to the foundation of several nations in Europe and the Middle East we know today. Fast Facts: Suleiman the Magnificent Known For: Sultan of the Ottoman EmpireAlso Known As: Kanunà ® Sultan Sà ¼leyman, Sultan Sà ¼leyman Han bin Selim Han, The Law Giver, Suleiman the FirstBorn: November 6, 1494 in Trabzon,  Ottoman EmpireParents: Selim I, Hafsa SultanDied: September 6, 1566 in Szigetvr,  Kingdom of Hungary,  Habsburg MonarchyEducation: TopkapÄ ± Palace  in  ConstantinopleSpouse(s): Mahidevran Hatun (consort), Hà ¼rrem Sultan (consort and, later, wife)Children: Åžehzade Mahmud, Åžehzade Mustafa,  Konya, Sehzade Murad, Åžehzade Mehmed, Åžehzade Abdullah, Sultan Selim II,  Hagia Sophia  Mosque), Åžehzade Bayezid,  Qazvin,  Ã…žehzade Cihangir,  Konya, Mihrimah Sultan,  AyÅŸe Hà ¼maÅŸah Sultan, Sultanzade Mehmed Bey, Sultanzade Osman Bey, Raziye Sultan   Early Life Suleiman was born the only surviving son of Sultan Selim I of the Ottoman Empire and Aishe Hafsa Sultan of the Crimean Khanate.  As a child, he studied at the Topkapi Palace in Istanbul where he learned theology, literature, science, history, and warfare. He also became fluent in six languages there: Ottoman Turkish, Arabic, Serbian, Chagatai Turkish (similar to Uighur), Farsi, and Urdu. Suleiman was fascinated by Alexander the Great  in his youth and would later program military expansion that has been attributed to being inspired in part by Alexanders conquests. As sultan, Suleiman would lead 13 major military expeditions and spend more than 10 years of his 46-year reign out on campaigns. His father ruled quite successfully and left his son in a remarkably secure position with the Janissaries  (members of the Sultans household troops) at the height of their usefulness; the Mamluks  defeated; and the great maritime power of Venice, as well as the Persian Safavid Empire, humbled by the Ottomans. Selim also left his son a powerful navy, a first for a Turkic ruler. Ascent to the Throne Suleimans father entrusted his son with the governorships of different regions within the Ottoman Empire from the age of 17. When Suleiman was 26 in 1520, Selim I died and Suleiman ascended the throne. Although he was of age, his mother served as co-regent. The new sultan immediately launched his program of military conquest and imperial expansion. In 1521, he put down a revolt by the governor of Damascus, Canberdi Gazali. Suleimans father had conquered the area that is now Syria in 1516, using it as a wedge between the Mamluk sultanate and the Safavid Empire, where they had appointed Gazali as the governor. On January 27, 1521, Suleiman defeated Gazali, who died in battle. In July of the same year, the Sultan laid siege to Belgrade, a fortified city on the Danube River. He used both a land-based army and a flotilla of ships to blockade the city and prevent reinforcement. Belgrade, part of modern Serbia, belonged to the Kingdom of Hungary in Suleimans time. The city fell to Suleimans forces on August 29, 1521, removing the last obstacle to an Ottoman advance into Central Europe. Before he launched his major assault on Europe, Suleiman wanted to take care of an annoying gadfly in the Mediterranean- Christian holdovers from the Crusades, the Knights Hospitallers. This group, based on the Island of Rhodes, had been capturing Ottoman and other Muslim nations ships, stealing cargoes of grain and gold, and enslaving the crews. The Knights Hospitallers piracy even imperiled Muslims who set sail to make the haj, the pilgrimage to Mecca that is one of the Five Pillars of Islam. Battling Oppressive Christian Regimes in Rhodes Selim I had tried and failed to dislodge the Knights in 1480. During the intervening decades, the Knights used Muslim slave labor to strengthen and reinforce their fortresses on the island in anticipation of another Ottoman siege. Suleiman sent out that siege in the form of an armada of 400 ships carrying at least 100,000 troops to Rhodes. They landed on June 26, 1522, and laid siege to the bastions full of 60,000 defenders representing various western European countries: England, Spain, Italy, Provence, and Germany. Meanwhile, Suleiman himself led an army of reinforcements on a march to the coast, reaching Rhodes in late July. It took nearly half a year of artillery bombardment and detonating mines under the triple-layer stone walls, but on December 22, 1522, the Turks finally forced all of the Christian knights and the civilian inhabitants of Rhodes to surrender. Suleiman gave the knights 12 days to gather their belongings, including weapons and religious icons, and leave the island on 50 ships provided by the Ottomans, with most of the knights immigrating to Sicily. The local people of Rhodes also received generous terms and had three years to decide whether they wanted to remain on Rhodes under the Ottoman rule or move elsewhere. They would pay no taxes for the first five years, and Suleiman promised that none of their churches would be converted into mosques. Most of them decided to stay when the Ottoman Empire took nearly complete control of the eastern Mediterranean. Into Europes Heartland Suleiman faced several additional crises before he was able to launch his attack into Hungary, but unrest among the Janissaries and a 1523 revolt by the Mamluks in Egypt proved to be only temporary distractions. In April 1526, Suleiman began the march to the Danube. On August 29, 1526, Suleiman defeated King Louis II of Hungary in the Battle of Mohacs and supported the nobleman John Zapolya as the next king of Hungary. But the Hapsburgs in Austria put forward one of their princes, Louis IIs brother-in-law Ferdinand. The Hapsburgs marched into Hungary and took Buda, placing Ferdinand on the throne and sparking a decades-long feud with Suleiman and the Ottoman Empire. In 1529, Suleiman marched on Hungary once more, taking Buda from the Hapsburgs and then continuing to besiege the Hapsburg capital at Vienna. Suleimans army of perhaps 120,000 reached Vienna in late September, without most of their heavy artillery and siege machines. On October 11 and 12 of that year, they attempted another siege against 16,000 Viennese defenders, but Vienna managed to hold them off once more and the Turkish forces withdrew. The Ottoman sultan did not give up on the idea of taking Vienna, but his second attempt in 1532 was similarly hampered by rain and mud and the army never even reached the Hapsburg capital. In 1541, the two empires went to war again when the Hapsburgs laid siege to Buda, trying to remove Suleimans ally from the Hungarian throne. The Hungarians and Ottomans defeated the Austrians, and captured additional Hapsburg holdings in 1541 and again in 1544. Ferdinand was forced to renounce his claim to be king of Hungary and had to pay tribute to Suleiman, but even as all of these events happened to the north and west of Turkey, Suleiman also had to keep an eye on his eastern border with Persia. War With the Safavids The Safavid Persian Empire that ruled much of southwestern Asia  was one of the Ottomans great rivals and a fellow gunpowder empire. Its ruler, Shah Tahmasp, sought to extend Persian influence by assassinating the Ottoman governor of Baghdad and replacing him with a Persian puppet, and by convincing the governor of Bitlis in eastern Turkey to swear allegiance to the Safavid throne. Suleiman, busy in Hungary and Austria, sent his grand vizier with a second army to retake Bitlis in 1533, which also seized Tabriz, in present-day northeastern Iran, from the Persians. Suleiman himself returned from his second invasion of Austria and marched into Persia in 1534, but the Shah refused to meet the Ottomans in open battle, withdrawing into the Persian desert and using guerrilla hits against the Turks instead. Suleiman retook Baghdad and was reconfirmed as the true caliph of the Islamic world. From 1548 to 1549, Suleiman decided to overthrow his Persian gadfly for good and launched a second invasion of the Safavid Empire. Once more, Tahmasp refused to participate in a pitched battle, this time leading the Ottoman army up into the snowy, rugged terrain of the Caucasus Mountains. The Ottoman sultan gained territory in Georgia and the Kurdish borderlands between Turkey and Persia but was unable to come to grips with the Shah. The third and final confrontation between Suleiman and Tahmasp took place from 1553 to 1554. As always, the Shah avoided open battle, but Suleiman marched into the Persian heartland and laid it to waste. Shah Tahmasp finally agreed to sign a treaty with the Ottoman sultan, in which he got control of Tabriz in exchange for promising to cease border raids on Turkey and to permanently relinquish his claims to Baghdad and the rest of Mesopotamia. Maritime Expansion Descendants of Central Asian nomads, the Ottoman Turks were not historically a naval power. Nonetheless, Suleimans father established an Ottoman seafaring legacy in the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, and even the Indian Ocean beginning in 1518. During Suleimans reign, Ottoman ships traveled to Mughal Indias trading ports, and the sultan exchanged letters with the Mughal Emperor Akbar the Great. The sultans Mediterranean fleet patrolled the sea under the command of the famous Admiral Heyreddin Pasha, known in the west as Barbarossa. Suleimans navy also managed to drive troublesome newcomers to the Indian Ocean system, the Portuguese, out of a key base at Aden on the coast of Yemen in 1538. However, the Turks were unable to dislodge the Portuguese from their toeholds along the west coasts of India and Pakistan. Suleiman the Lawgiver Suleiman the Magnificent is remembered in Turkey as Kanuni, the LawGiver. He completely overhauled the formerly piecemeal Ottoman legal system, and one of his first acts was to lift the embargo on trade with the Safavid Empire, which hurt Turkish traders at least as much as it did Persian ones. He decreed that all Ottoman soldiers would pay for any food or other property they took as provisions while on a campaign, even while in enemy territory. Suleiman also reformed the tax system, dropping extra taxes imposed by his father and establishing a transparent tax rate system that varied according to peoples income. Hiring and firing within the bureaucracy would be based on merit, rather than on the whims of higher officials or family connections. All Ottoman citizens, even the highest, were subject to the law. Suleimans reforms gave the Ottoman Empire a recognizably modern administration and legal system more than 450 years ago. He instituted protections for Christian and Jewish citizens of the Ottoman Empire, denouncing blood libels against the Jews in 1553 and freeing Christian farm laborers from serfdom. Succession Suleiman the Magnificent had two official wives and an unknown number of additional concubines, so he bore many offspring. His first wife, Mahidevran Sultan, bore him his eldest son, an intelligent and talented boy named Mustafa. His second wife, a former Ukrainian concubine named Hurrem Sultan, was the love of Suleimans life and gave him seven sons. Hurrem Sultan knew that according to the rules of the harem,​ if Mustafa became sultan he would have all of her sons killed to prevent them from trying to overthrow him. She started a rumor that Mustafa was interested in ousting his father from the throne, so in 1553 Suleiman summoned his eldest son to his tent in an army camp and had the 38-year-old strangled to death. This left the path clear for Hurrem Sultans first son Selim to come to the throne. Unfortunately, Selim had none of the good qualities of his half-brother and is remembered in history as Selim the Drunkard. Death In 1566, the 71-year-old Suleiman the Magnificent led his army on a final expedition against the Hapsburgs in Hungary. The Ottomans won the Battle of Szigetvar on September 8, 1566, but Suleiman died of a heart attack the previous day. His officials did not want word of his death to distract and discomfit his troops, so they kept it a secret for a month and a half while the Turkish troops finalized their control of the area. Suleimans body was prepared for transport back to Constantinople. To keep it from putrefying, the heart and other organs were removed and buried in Hungary. Today, a Christian church and a fruit orchard stand in the area where Suleiman the Magnificent, greatest of the Ottoman sultans, left his heart on the battlefield. Legacy Suleiman the Magnificent vastly expanded the size and significance of the Ottoman Empire and launched a Golden Age in Ottoman arts. Achievements in the areas of literature, philosophy, art, and architecture had a major impact on both Eastern and Western styles. Some of the buildings constructed during his empire still stand today, including edifices designed by Mimar Sinan. Sources Clot, Andrà ©Ã‚  (1992).  Suleiman the Magnificent: The Man, His Life, His Epoch. London: Saqi Books.  ISBN  978-0-86356-126-9.The Sultans. TheOttomans.org.Parry, V.J. â€Å"Sà ¼leyman the Magnificent.†Ã‚  Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 23 Nov. 2018.